Grammatical Accuracy for Level 4

*Start with our Quizlet sets for Grammar Accuracy

1. [Particles]

   • For Level 4, you should be familiar with all of the particles from previous levels. Quizlets for each level are linked below:

     • Level 1 Particles

     • Level 3 Particles

   • Click on the particle if you would like to see an explanation:

     • は

     • が

     • も

     • の (nominalizer)

     • の (noun modifer)

     • を

     • と

     • に

     • で

     • から

     • まで

     • にも

2. Plain/short (dictionary) form

   • Present plain (～る) aka Dictionary Form

   • Present plain (～だ)

   • [Past plain (～た)]

   • Negative present plain (～ない)

   • Negative past plain (～なかった)

   • About to do something (ところ)

3. Modifying nouns/relative clause

   • Using verbs as noun modifiers (the adjective sections should be review, so only study the verb section)

4. Potential form

   • ～れる

   • ～られない cannot

   • できる can & cannot

   • Uncertainty (かもしれない)

5. Conditionals (～たら、～なら、～ば、～と)

   • Click on the suffix in the following list for an explanation of that suffix: [～たら]*、～なら、～ば、～と

     • *The ～たら particle is in Level 3, but be sure to study the “たら for ‘if’” section for Level 4

   • When (～とき)

   • Conditional for い adjectives

6. Volitional

   • Intend to do (つもり)

   • ～よう

   • ～よう＋と思う (thinking about doing …)

7. Expressing suppositions and predictions

   • ～みたい

   • ～そう

   • To assume something (だろう)

   • To think something (と思う)

8. Giving commands

   • Command form

   • Polite commands

9. Have to do (something)

   • ～なくちゃ (＋いけません・なりません)

   • Obligation (～なければいけません、～なければなりません、～なくてもいいです/ do not have to)

   • ～なければなりません examples

10. Transitive & intransitive verbs

    • Understanding Transitive vs Intransitive

11. Causative

    • ～させる

12. Reason clauses

    • ので

    • ～んです

13. Comparatives & superlatives

    • Comparatives (be sure to study の方が for Japan Cup, but all three are good to know!)

    • Superlatives

    • Helpful article

14. Polite expressions

    • いらっしゃる

    • どうぞめしあがれ = please help yourself (response to いただきます)

    • Honorifics

    • Extra study:

      • Polite phrases

      • Quizlet for irregular verbs

      • Very modest

15. Passive

    • ～られる

16. ～て form (giving & receiving)

    • [くれる、あげる、もらう]

    • ～て＋くれる、あげる、もらう